Shift Work Among Nurses in Poland and Its Impact on Health
Purpose: This article presents the results of original research conducted by the authors, which examined the relationship between shift work and the level of occupational stress among nurses employed in a hospital in Poland, with particular attention to its psychological, physical, and social dimensions. The findings indicate that hospital nursing staff work in an environment characterized by high professional demands, which may have adverse consequences for their health and well-being. The identified problems highlight the urgent need to develop and implement preventive measures aimed at improving the well-being of nursing staff and supporting the effective organization of work within the shift system. Design/Methodology/Approach: The study was conducted among 150 nurses employed in hospitals in the Mazovia and Lublin Voivodeships in Poland. Women predominated in the study group (N = 138), accounting for 91.9% of all the respondents. A quantitative research approach was adopted, using the diagnostic survey method and an original questionnaire developed by the authors. The survey was conducted in person by the authors, which facilitated the organization of the research process, enabled direct contact with the respondents, and contributed to a high response rate of correctly completed questionnaires. Data were collected between March 1 and June 6, 2026. Purposive sampling was employed, reflecting the study's focus on a specific occupational group, namely nursing staff. Findings: The study revealed numerous health-related problems among nursing staff. The most frequently reported difficulties were related to the physical, psychological, social, and organizational spheres of their work. Some respondents reported symptoms of occupational burnout and indicated that they were considering changing their jobs. The problems identified in the study are particularly important in the context of the Polish healthcare system, which faces a shortage of nursing staff and the continuing need to provide round-the-clock patient care. These findings highlight the need for preventive and organizational measures aimed at reducing occupational burden, protecting nurses’ health, and improving working conditions within the shift system. Practical implications: The results of the study conducted among nursing staff employed in a hospital highlight the need to develop and implement measures aimed at improving the organization of work within the shift system, strengthening team support, promoting ergonomic prevention, and raising awareness of the importance of adequate rest and physical recovery. Systemic solutions, including ensuring adequate staffing levels, providing access to safe equipment, and conducting regular training in occupational health and safety, also play an important role. Comprehensive preventive measures may contribute to improving the well-being and health of nurses while enhancing the quality and safety of patient care. Originality/Value: The authors present the results of their original and up-to-date research, which highlights the extent of the health risks associated with shift work among nurses employed in hospitals in Poland. The study identified a range of health-related problems, particularly in the physical, psychological, social, and organizational domains. The findings provide valuable empirical evidence that may contribute to the development of preventive interventions and organizational solutions aimed at improving the management of shift work and working conditions among nursing staff. Such measures are particularly important for promoting nurses’ health and well-being and for maintaining the quality and safety of patient care.