Development of High-Speed Rail in France from 2002 to 2022
Purpose: The aim of this publication is to present methods of studies on passenger transport and to evaluate the development of high-speed rail in France, and the impact of this technology on passenger transport volumes, environmental protection, and social and economic development. Design/Methodology/Approach: The project was implemented using formalized methods, expert analyses, literature review, and the theoretical and practical experiences of the authors. The topic is presented comprehensively, as the development of transport is contextualized within the economy, using mathematical methods, examining, and discussing the interrelations between transport and the economy, highlighting the correct economic trends in this regard. The high-speed rail system – both the development of individual generations of trains and the infrastructure – was analysed considering technical, operational, economic progress, and financial security over the 20-year research period. Future development plans for high-speed rail in France are also presented. Findings: The theoretical and practical value of the article is indisputable. France is the second-largest economic power in Europe and the seventh in the world, with a 48-year tradition in the development of high-speed rail. The first commercial journey on the high-speed line from Paris to Lyon took place on September 27, 1981. France's high-speed rail network is one of the most heavily utilized in the world, accounting for approximately 60% of all passenger transport. Therefore, a comprehensive presentation of the development of high-speed rail over a long research horizon may be beneficial for countries at a lower level of development in this area, especially since literature on high-speed rail with such a long research horizon and comprehensive approach is scarce. The widespread promotion of solutions related to the development of high-speed rail in France from a practical perspective seems highly purposeful and fully useful. Practical Implications: The article presents studies on the most dynamically developing technology for passenger transport in France from 2002 to 2022 – high-speed rail. It presents the technical solutions of individual generations of trains and locomotives, as well as the linear infrastructure for French high-speed rail in a historical context. Additionally, it discusses financing methods and further development plans for high-speed rail. Originality value: The publication analyses comprehensive material covering the research problem over a 20-year time horizon, systematizes it, and draws appropriate conclusions.