Closed Supply Chain Loops in the Context of Disruptions and Shocks
Purpose: The aim of the following considerations is to bring closer the issues related to closed loops in supply chains. The author notes a research gap in this area of knowledge and decides to address this topic against the background of logistical problems. Design/Methodology/Approach: The theoretical basis of this study is an analysis of the existing scientific work dedicated to closed supply chains (CLSCM) – an area that has become one of the key and most developing trends in management sciences and logistics in recent years. The literature review aims not only to synthetically compile existing research findings but primarily to accurately reconstruct the conceptual transformation pathway. This shows the transition from reverse logistics, focused on disposal operations and cost optimization, towards advanced, circular systems aimed at proactive, dynamic capturing of residual value from products withdrawn from use. Through this approach, the phenomena analysed are permanently embedded within the strategic paradigm of the circular economy (CE) and the concept of building resilience in logistics systems in response to global market shocks. Findings: The recent consolidation of research efforts around the idea of the circular economy (CE) demonstrates that this concept – along with its theoretical and operational subsystems – has become a central reference point in modern logistics and management sciences. The dynamics of this trend suggest that it will remain a key determinant of the research agenda in the coming decade. The ongoing transformation of modern, mature economies is increasingly reorienting them towards the circular paradigm (CE), which is based on replacing products and components at the end of their life cycle with secondary raw materials obtained from recycling or broadly understood recovery. In these realities, at the microeconomic level – determined by the product range structure, market mechanisms, consumer preferences, and strategic orientation of companies – closed-loop supply chains (CLSC) prove to be highly effective operational management tools. Practical implications: The considerations presented can serve as an interesting source of knowledge for both researchers dealing with closed loops in supply chains and for analysts, managerial staff, and entrepreneurs. The perspective on the issues discussed in this study can form an important foundation for their understanding. Originality value: This study constitutes an interesting contribution to the scientific literature by presenting and analysing issues related to closed loops in supply chains within a unified logistical framework. The work allows for comprehensive synthesis of theoretical and empirical observations, identification of significant research gaps, and proposing directions for future research, especially in the context of developing logistics.