Competence Taxonomies in Organisations of the Future:From literature-based Classifications to a Hybrid Competence Model
Purpose: The purpose of this study is to develop a comprehensive and contemporary taxonomy of competencies that reflects the changing requirements of organisations operating in conditions of digital transformation, technological disruption, labour market volatility and increasing social expectations. Building upon classical competency theories and models, the paper seeks to systematise existing approaches to competency classification and to extend them by incorporating digital, adaptive, ethical and communicative dimensions. The study addresses the need for an integrated framework capable of explaining competency requirements in contemporary organisational environments. Design/Methodology/Approach: The study adopts a theoretical and conceptual research design based on a critical review and synthesis of the literature on competencies, competency models and human capital development. The analysis combines classical international approaches to competency classification with the contributions of Polish scholars linking competencies to labour market dynamics, public sector management, innovation processes, organisational resilience and sustainable development. Through comparative analysis and conceptual integration, the paper develops a multidimensional competency taxonomy and proposes a framework for its practical application. Findings: The study demonstrates that traditional competency classifications, although still relevant, are insufficient for capturing the complexity of contemporary work environments. The findings indicate the growing importance of competencies associated with digital literacy, adaptability, continuous learning, ethical responsibility, communication and interdisciplinary collaboration. As a result, the paper proposes an original matrix of hybrid competencies that integrates technical, cognitive, social, adaptive and ethical dimensions into a coherent framework. The proposed taxonomy highlights the interdependence of competency categories and illustrates how competency profiles evolve in response to technological, organisational and societal changes. Practical Implications: The proposed framework may support organisations in designing competency management systems, recruitment and selection procedures, employee development programmes and talent management strategies. It can also serve as a tool for assessing workforce preparedness for digital transformation and organisational change. Furthermore, the taxonomy may assist policymakers, educational institutions and public sector organisations in aligning competency development initiatives with emerging labour market requirements. Originality/Value: The paper contributes to the competency management literature by proposing an integrative taxonomy that bridges classical competency theory with emerging digital and organisational challenges. Its originality lies in the development of a hybrid competency matrix that combines traditional and contemporary competency dimensions within a single analytical framework. The study advances understanding of competencies as dynamic and interconnected capabilities that support organisational adaptability, innovation and long-term resilience.