Micro-Credentials in Tourism Education: Evidence from Polish Universities in an International Context
Purpose: The main purpose of the article is to present micro-credentials as a form of improving the qualifications and knowledge of students at universities in its faculties and fields of study related to tourism and recreation, as well as hotel industry. The supplementary objectives concern the presentation of general theoretical aspects of micro-qualifications, their implementation status at Polish universities, and proposals for thematic training blocks within the framework of micro-qualifications covering a wide range of tourism topics. Design/methodology/approach: The article uses the method of criticism and analysis of scientific literature. It analyzes professional literature, projects, research reports, and legal documents. The basic document containing recommendations related to the implementation of micro-qualifications at universities in European Union member states is the Council Recommendation of June 22, 2022, on a European approach to micro-qualifications for lifelong learning and employability. It also provides the basis for expanding the scope of micro-qualifications in Poland, including in the field of tourism and hospitality. Findings: In Poland, there are only a few universities offering tourism-related courses that can be considered micro-qualifications. However, higher education institutions offering tourism studies are showing increasing interest in micro-qualifications. Such initiatives would help students supplement their knowledge and improve their qualifications for future employment in various professions in the tourism and hospitality industry. Research limitations/implications: This article presents the current situation regarding micro-qualifications at higher education institutions with tourism profiles in Poland. Increased awareness-raising activities are a very important factor for their further development. The main barriers and concerns regarding the wider introduction of micro-qualification courses and training relate to the lack of knowledge among academic staff about their implementation and uncertainty among staff about the quality of certified micro-qualification courses and their recognition in the labor market. Practical implications: Based on examples from countries with experience in micro-qualifications, combined with an assessment of Polish universities and the demand for skilled workers in the tourism sector, the author of the article presented proposed thematic blocks of training within the framework of micro-qualifications in tourism. Social implications: Micro-qualifications are gradually becoming part of the education framework for students at universities in Poland. They complement the knowledge acquired during studies and can play an important role in job hunting. In tourism and hospitality programs, micro-qualifications can also be an important supplement to knowledge and improve students' qualifications. Originality/value: In Poland, the micro-qualification system is only just beginning to be implemented by schools and universities, including in the field of tourism and hospitality. Therefore, it is important to prepare appropriate staff to manage the system, create appropriate thematic blocks of tourism training within the micro-qualification system, and promote the idea of this type of supplementary education.