Leisure Time of Seniors: The Role of Recreational Activities in Poland and France
Purpose: Leisure time activities are an important component of seniors’ lifestyles and contribute to healthy and active aging. The purpose of this article is to compare the amount of leisure time available to older adults participating in Universities of the Third Age (UTA) in Poland and France, and to present key determinants influencing their selection of recreational, cultural, and digital activities. Design/Methodology/Approach: The study applies a mixed diagnostic approach based on the analysis of primary empirical data. The research was conducted using questionnaire surveys (electronic survey in France and classroom survey in Poland), supported by open interviews and direct observation. The methodological procedure involved data triangulation, critical analysis, and synthesis, enabling the identification of cross-national differences and the development of evidence-based conclusions. Findings: The results show that French UTA participants report more leisure time, particularly on weekdays, and more frequently engage in cultural activities (theater, cinema), physical activities (cycling, walking), and digital practices (Internet use). Polish seniors more often choose home-based leisure dominated by television viewing. Family responsibilities, especially regular intergenerational caregiving (e.g., childcare for grandchildren), were identified as a key leisure-limiting factor in Poland, while French seniors demonstrated greater autonomy and broader social and cultural participation. Practical Implications: The findings provide practical value for institutions and managers designing senior-oriented educational and community services. The results can support the development of service strategies that reduce family-related leisure barriers, increase access to diverse recreational opportunities, improve seniors’ well-being, enhance social inclusion, and promote a more holistic model of active aging. Originality/Value: The article contributes to a systematic understanding of seniors’ leisure behaviors in a cross-cultural context. It offers theoretical insight and empirical evidence, addressing a research gap where comparative analyses of UTA participants’ recreational, cultural, and digital engagement in Poland and France remain limited.