Artificial Intelligence as a Competitiveness Factor for SMEs: A Multidimensional Perspective Integrating Technological, Organizational and Competency Dimensions
Purpose: The aim of the article is to identify the key determinants of competitiveness among small and medium sized enterprises in the context of digital transformation, with particular emphasis on the role of artificial intelligence (AI), managerial capabilities and organizational digitalization. Design/Methodology/Approach: The study is based on logistic regression analysis conducted on a sample of 1013 small and medium sized enterprises from five European countries: Poland, Slovakia, Spain, Italy and Germany. Findings: In the AI implementation model, international collaboration emerged as a statistically significant predictor of competitiveness, highlighting the importance of global innovation networks in the adaptation and effective use of advanced technologies. In the competency digitalization model, three factors proved significant: the level of digitalization, managerial readiness to implement AI and innovation orientation. Country level analyses additionally revealed differences in competitiveness determinants across nations, indicating the role of local institutional conditions and varying levels of digital maturity. Practical Implications: The findings provide practical guidance for managers and policymakers responsible for shaping digital strategies, demonstrating that effective AI implementation requires not only technological infrastructure but also organizational capabilities and integration with global innovation ecosystems. Originality/Value: The article addresses a research gap concerning the lack of cross country empirical analyses on the impact of AI implementation on SME competitiveness. The novelty of the study lies in its multidimensional approach, integrating technological, organizational and managerial perspectives within a unified logistic regression framework. The results expand existing knowledge in the fields of artificial intelligence and digital transformation.