Power System Preparedness for the Challenges of Electric Mobility in Passenger Transport
Purpose: This article assesses the readiness of the National Power System (NPS) to support the growing adoption of electric vehicles in Poland. It analyzes the impact of electromobility on energy demand, grid stability, and infrastructure. The primary objective is to evaluate whether the NPS can accommodate one million electric vehicles. The study identifies potential risks and highlights areas requiring further development. Design/Methodology/Approach: The analysis is based on statistical data and industry reports concerning both the NPS and the electric vehicle (EV) market. Two scenarios are examined: the current situation with approximately 80,000 vehicles and a projected scenario involving one million cars. Estimation methods based on urban population and vehicle counts are employed. The research also considers charger capacity and the potential for grid congestion. Findings: Although the current impact of electric vehicles (EVs) on overall energy consumption remains limited, a fleet of one million EVs could have a substantial local effect. Large urban areas are at risk of grid congestion during peak hours, and uncoordinated charging may reduce available power reserves. Smart charging strategies and vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technologies can help mitigate these challenges. Practical Implications: Expanding charging infrastructure and implementing intelligent energy demand management are essential. Investments in smart grids and energy storage systems are necessary to support EV integration. Operators should plan for power balance and maintain adequate system reserves. These findings provide valuable insights for shaping energy and urban policy. Originality/Value: This article presents a technical, energy, and regulatory analysis of electromobility in Poland. It distinguishes itself with a realistic approach based on national data. The analysis includes a novel assessment of local grid load, providing actionable recommendations for operators and policymakers.