Sustainable Urban Development in the Context of Depopulation and Community Ageing:Selected Examples from the World
Purpose: One of the key challenges faced by contemporary cities is the impact of adverse demographic processes such as depopulation and population ageing. Modern cities are expected to simultaneously maintain a balance across social, economic, and environmental dimensions. A critical tool to support urban adaptation to these changes is undoubtedly the sustainable development of urban areas. The primary objective of this study is to examine how urban sustainable development strategies can assist local communities in addressing adverse demographic changes, while identifying the most effective measures that authorities can employ to meet the needs of an ageing urban population and mitigate the effects of depopulation. Design/Methodology/Approach: The research encompasses selected cities across various continents, representing diverse demographic and economic contexts. It examines in detail the sustainable urban development strategies that enable municipal authorities to respond effectively to depopulation and the ageing of local populations. Case study selection criteria included cities significantly affected by depopulation and/or high proportions of senior citizens, cities at various stages of implementing sustainable development strategies, and diverse geographical and cultural contexts. The study's research hypothesis posits that cities implementing comprehensive sustainable development strategies are more effective in addressing demographic challenges, enhancing residents' quality of life, and countering further urban degradation. The research employed qualitative analysis, including a review of the literature to identify the most effective sustainable urban development strategies. It also utilised comparative case analysis of cities that have implemented such strategies in the context of an ageing population and depopulation. This international comparative analysis facilitated the identification of best practices and challenges unique to various regions. Findings: The main challenges and constraints faced by the studied cities included financial and organisational limitations, conflicts of interest among social groups, data shortages, and difficulties in monitoring the long-term effects of implemented measures. Sustainable urban development concerning ageing populations requires both global approaches and local actions tailored to the unique needs of residents. Combining interdisciplinary research with urban planning practices should contribute to the creation of cities that are sustainable and inclusive across generations. Practical Implications: Future research should focus on analysing the effectiveness of revitalisation efforts in cities with high depopulation rates, developing sustainable housing models for older adults, and examining the impact of revitalisation on intergenerational relationships and local communities. Such studies could ultimately lead to the development of more effective tools to support urban transformation. Originality/Value: The research contributes to a deeper understanding of sustainable urban development and provides specific recommendations for urban policies. The solutions adopted by selected cities located in different parts of the world serve as examples of best practices for other urban areas.